Diagnosing spinal disorders and injuries is a comprehensive process requiring a review of medical history, a physical examination and often diagnostic imaging by x-ray, CT scan, or MRI.

A review of medical history includes a physician or specialist asking you a series of questions to determine the likely source of acute or chronic neck or back pain. These questions cover the nature of the pain and often other health problems you or family members have experienced. It is quite common for patients with severe neck and/or back pain to have other medical conditions, such as obesity, hypertension, or migraine headaches.

Common questions you might be asked include questions about your recent activity, such as any falls or injuries that might have occurred; whether or not standing or sitting in certain positions aggravate the situation more; whether the pain has occurred previously; and if the pain extends to one or both of the legs or arms?

A physical examination may include a number of evaluation techniques. During this exam, the physician or specialist may check your range of motion in the neck and back; watch you walk or stand; check for muscle strength and reflexes; and check for possible nerve problems or irritation.

Diagnostic imaging is utilized to help determine or confirm a diagnosis. A physician may order one or several imaging procedures. These will often include:

• traditional x-ray to view bone structures, determine if you have a fracture, osteoarthritis, or misalignment of the spine.
• CT scans allow physicians or radiologist to see a three-dimensional image of body structures by taking a series of images. A CT scan can help diagnose herniated discs and spinal stenosis.
• MRI utilizes large magnets to produce clear images of soft tissue, such as tendons and blood vessels. An MRI is often ordered if nerve damage is suspected.

Many diagnoses are the result of multiple physicians and specialists collaborating to find the best care plan for each individual.